ABSTRACT This work aims to know what correlations can be found among psychological, neuropsychological, neurobiological, and immunological measures in a group of men who have sex with men negative for anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies which have sexual risk behaviors. Statistically significant correlations were found among certain behavioral, emotional, personality, neurobiological, and immunological variables. The circuit of interactions among depression, stress, neuroticism, and conscientiousness stands out, which could indirectly explain risky sexual behavior. In summary, there is a relationship between personality characteristics, mood disorders, risk behaviors, and an activated T cell profile.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer as correlações que podem ser encontradas entre as medidas psicológicas, neuropsicológicas, neurobiológicas e imunológicas em um grupo de homens que fazem sexo com homens com HIV-1/2 anti-corpos-negativos que se envolvem em comportamentos sexuais de risco. Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre certas variáveis comportamentais, emocionais, de personalidade, neurobiológicas e imunológicas. Destaca-se o circuito de interações entre depressão, estresse, neuroticismo e responsabilidade, que poderia explicar indiretamente o comportamento sexual de risco. Em resumo, há uma relação entre características de personalidade, distúrbios de humor, comportamentos de risco e um perfil de célula T ativado.

Abstract The search for sustainable agri-food systems is increasing. This study aims to identify the main initiatives of agroextractivism in the state of Mato de Grosso do Sul (Cerrado and the Pantanal biomes), their products, market/consumption perspectives, and the panorama of the institutional environment. Native species with processing and marketing conducted through family initiatives were selected. The relevant aspects of public policies and market potential analyses were based on a literature review. The use of 15 native species present in 12 communities demonstrates the potential of food systems with the recognition of indigenous peoples, quilombolas, traditional communities, and family farming. Sociobiodiversity products value their origin and social, environmental, and economic functions, and can conquer new sustainable markets, including international ones.

Resumen Crece la búsqueda de sistemas agroalimentarios más sostenibles. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo señalar las principales iniciativas de agroextractivismo en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul - Biomas Cerrado y Pantanal - sus productos elaborados, perspectivas de mercado/consumo y el panorama del entorno institucional. Eligieron especies autóctonas y su procesamiento y comercialización son llevado a cabo por iniciativas familiares. Los aspectos relevantes de las políticas públicas y el análisis del potencial del mercado se basaron en una revisión de la literatura. El uso de 15 especies nativas presentes en 12 comunidades demuestra el potencial para viabilizar sistemas alimentarios, con el reconocimiento de los pueblos indígenas, quilombolas, comunidades tradicionales y la agricultura familiar. Los productos de sociobiodiversidad valoran su origen, función social, ambiental y económica, y pueden conquistar nuevos mercados sostenibles, incluidos los internacionales.

Resumo É crescente a busca por sistemas agroalimentares mais sustentáveis. Este trabalho visa indicar as principais iniciativas do agroextrativismo no estado de Mato de Grosso do Sul - biomas Cerrado e Pantanal - seus produtos, as perspectivas de mercado/consumo e o panorama do ambiente institucional. Foram escolhidas espécies nativas que possuem processamento e comercialização realizados por iniciativas familiares. Aspectos relevantes das políticas públicas e análise do potencial de mercado foram baseados em revisão bibliográfica. O aproveitamento de 15 espécies nativas presentes em 12 comunidades, demonstram o potencial dos sistemas alimentares, com reconhecimento dos povos indígenas, quilombolas, comunidades tradicionais e da agricultura familiar. Os produtos da sociobiodiversidade valorizam sua origem e suas funções sociais, ambientais e econômicas, podendo conquistar novos mercados sustentáveis, inclusive os internacionais.

RESUMEN Los métodos clásicos de mejoramiento han estrechado la base genética del arroz. La selección recurrente (SR) permite el mejoramiento de una población, mediante la pirámidación de alelos favorables de diversos donantes y de origen genético diverso. Ha sido usada en Colombia por CIAT/CIRAD, para el desarrollo y el mejoramiento del acervo genético del arroz Oryza sativa L., tipo Japonica Tropical de secano en sabanas ácidas. Se evaluaron en bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones, 50 líneas avanzadas junto con el testigo comercial Corpoica Llanura 11. Se observó diferencia significativa entre líneas de arroz para las variables dependientes rendimiento de grano, días a floración, vigor e incidencia de Pyricularia en hojas y cuello, así como manchado de grano. Las líneas 39 y 37, de la población PCT-11, presentaron los mayores rendimientos, con 6,471 y 6,192kg ha-1, respectivamente, diferentes significativamente del testigo y de nueve líneas de ciclo tardío de la población PCT-4, que presentaron rendimientos muy bajos. Especialmente, la línea 39, mostró menor incidencia del hongo Pyricularia en hojas, que el testigo comercial Corpoica Llanura 11. Los presentes resultados muestran la utilidad de la SR en arroz de sabanas, para generar líneas superiores en rendimiento, en resistencia a enfermedades, en adaptación a las sabanas ácidas y el potencial para contribuir a la diversificación de su base genética.

ABSTRACT The classical breeding methods have narrowed the genetic base of rice. The pedigree method with a limited number of elite and genetically related parents, can reduce variability in long term studies. The development of populations with a broad genetic base and the use of breeding methods that allow the continuous accumulation of favorable alleles could overcome these disadvantages. Recurrent selection (SR) allows the improvement of a population through the pyramidation of favorable alleles of diverse donors and of diverse genetic origin. It has been used in Colombia by CIAT/CIRAD for the development and improvement of the genetic stock of Oryza sativa L. rice, a tropical rain-fed Japonica type in acid savannas. They were evaluated in complete blocks at random with three repetitions, 50 advanced lines of this project, together with the commercial control Corpoica Llanura 11. There was a significant difference between rice lines for the dependent variables grain yield, days to flowering, vigor and incidence of Pyricularia in leaves and spotted of grain. Lines 39 and 37 of the PCT-11 population presented the highest yields, with 6.471 and 6.192kg ha-1, respectively, significantly different from the control and nine late cycle lines of the PCT-4 population, which presented very low yields. Especially line 39 showed a lower incidence of the Pyricularia fungus on leaves than the commercial control Corpoica Llanura 11. The present results and others obtained in Colombia and Brazil, show the utility of SR in savanna rice to generate superior lines in yield, resistance to diseases, adaptation to acid savannas and the potential to contribute to the diversification of the genetic base.

The improvement in the supply of accounting information undoubtedly leads to greater efficiency in organizations, allowing them to more easily achieve their objectives. The objective of this article is to analyze the current accounting record system of Spanish associations dedicated to the promotion of health in the elderly. For this, all the relevant standards related to the accounting management of such associations have been analyzed, and the provisions of the current 2007 General Accounting Plan have been compared with those of the old 1990 Plan, to check whether the sectoral adaptation of 1998 is obsolete or if there are some discrepancies between the two provisions mentioned above. Obviously, the applicable international accounting regulations (NIC/IFRS) have also been studied. The study makes it possible to verify that the current General Accounting Plan for 2007 involves changes of great relevance with respect to the accounting information of associations for the promotion of health in old age, for which the old sectoral adaptation of 1998 is obsolete and should be updated.

La mejora en el suministro de información contable conlleva, sin duda, una mayor eficiencia en las organizaciones, permitiéndoles alcanzar más fácilmente sus objetivos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el sistema actual de registro contable de las asociaciones españolas dedicadas al fomento de la salud en adultos mayores. Para esto se han analizado todas las normas de relevancia relacionadas con la gestión contable de tales asociaciones, y se han comparado las disposiciones del actual Plan General de Contabilidad de 2007 con las del antiguo de 1990, para comprobar si la adaptación sectorial de 1998 ha quedado obsoleta o si existen algunas discrepancias entre las dos disposiciones mencionadas anteriormente. También, obviamente, se ha estudiado la normativa contable internacional aplicable (NIC/NIIF). El estudio permite comprobar que el actual Plan General de Contabilidad de 2007 supone cambios de gran relevancia respecto a la información contable de las asociaciones de fomento de la salud en adultos mayores, por lo cual la antigua adaptación sectorial de 1998 queda obsoleta y debería ser actualizada.

The objective was to evaluate the fermentation kinetics and the in vitro degradation of the physiological parts of three native legumes of the municipality of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. The substrates were pods, leaves and complete plant of centrosema (Centrosema plumiere), bean (Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester) and bean-tamarind (Phaseolus lunatus). The biodigestor contained 0.5 g of a substrate and 50 ml of culture medium. The biodigestor were incubated in a water bath at 39 °C for 72 h. Gas production was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The gas production was used to obtain the parameters maximum volume (mV), rate of gas production (S) and time lag (λ). Dry matter degradation (DEGDM) and degradation of the neutral detergent fibre (DEGNDF) were determined by weight difference. The statistical analysis was a completely randomized design within a 3x3 factorial arrangement. The centrosema pod produced the higher mV, the centroid leaf and bean-tamarind pod the higher S, the leaf, plant and pod of centrosema the less λ, the pod of centrosema the higher DEGDM and DEGNDF. The centrosema leaf presented higher mV and S and less λ than the leaves of bean and bean-tamarind. The centroid sheath showed higher mV, DEGDM and DEGNDF and less λ than the bean and beantamarind pods (p<0.05). It is concluded that the evaluated components of the native creeping legume Centrosema plumiere presented better nutritional response in the in vitro evaluation than the other legumes.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la cinética de fermentación y la degradación in vitro de tres leguminosas nativas del municipio de Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. Los sustratos fueron vainas, hojas y planta completa de centrosema (Centrosema plumiere), frijolillo (Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester) y frijolillo-tamarindo (Phaseolus lunatus). Los biodigestores contenían 0.5 g de un sustrato y 50 ml de medio de cultivo. Los biodigestores se incubaron en baño maría a 39 °C por 72 h. La producción de gas se midió a las 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 72 h. La producción de gas se usó para obtener los parámetros volumen máximo (Vm), tasa de producción de gas (S) y tiempo lag (λ). La degradación de la materia seca (DEGMS) y degradación de la fibra detergente neutra (DEGFDN) se determinaron por diferencia de peso. El análisis estadístico fue un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3x3. La vaina de centrosema produjo el mayor Vm, la hoja de centrosema y vaina de frijolillo-tamarindo la mayor S, la hoja, planta y vaina de centrosema el menor λ, la vaina de centrosema la mayor DEGMS y DEGFDN. La hoja de centrosema presentó mayor Vm y S, así como menor λ que las hojas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo. La vaina de centrosema mostró mayor Vm, DEGMS y DEGFDN; además, menor λ que las vainas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo (p<0.05). Se concluye que los componentes evaluados de la leguminosa rastrera nativa Centrosema plumiere presentaron mejores respuestas nutritivas in vitro que las otras leguminosas evaluadas.

Abstract The objective of this study is to model a retention predictive system for first-year students at Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins (Santiago de Chile), by determining which of the variables of entry into higher education, whether these are academic, social or relatives, are revealed significant for this analysis. The construction of the research model was based on a thorough bibliographic review which made possible to identify explanatory variables of university dropout in the national context. Afterwards, from the systematization of socio-educational backgrounds of the students from the 2014 and 2015 cohorts available in the university’s computer systems, a tripartite matrix was consolidated with the data associated with the variables that emerged from the analysis of the target group consulted. Consequently, we analyzed the relationship of each of the explanatory variables of the study with the variable control student desertion. The bivariate analysis allowed us to identify seventeen variables, significantly associated with student desertion and to specify dependency relations with the abandonment of studies. The multivariate model predicted abandonment behavior in 86.4%, indicating seven independent categorical variables that, finally, are revealed as relevant factors of the prediction model. The varied and sustained interpretations delivered in the results of the model, as well as the proposed suggestions to improve the university retention index, provide a direct value to the study aimed at optimizing one of the most important indicators linked to the quality management in universities, as is the student retention.

Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo modelar un sistema predictivo de retención de los estudiantes de primer año de la Universidad Bernardo O´Higgins - UBO (Santiago de Chile), determinando cuáles de las variables de entrada a la educación superior, ya sean estas académicas, sociales o familiares, se revelan significativas para este análisis. La construcción del modelo de investigación se sustentó en una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica que permitió identificar variables explicativas de la deserción universitaria en el contexto nacional. Luego, a partir de la sistematización de antecedentes socioeducativos de los estudiantes de las cohortes 2014 y 2015 disponibles en los sistemas informáticos de la universidad, se consolidó una matriz tripartita con los datos asociados a las variables que emergieron del análisis de los referentes consultados. Consecuentemente, se analizó la relación de cada una de las variables explicativas del estudio con la variable control deserción estudiantil. El análisis bivariado permitió identificar diecisiete variables, significativamente asociadas con la deserción estudiantil y precisar las relaciones de dependencia con el abandono de estudios. El modelo multivariado predijo en un 86,4 % la conducta de abandono señalando siete variables categóricas independientes que, finalmente, se develan como factores relevantes del modelo predicción. Las variadas y sustentadas interpretaciones entregadas en los resultados del modelo, así como las sugerencias propuestas para mejorar el índice de retención universitaria, entregan un valor directo al estudio dirigido a optimizar uno de los indicadores más importantes vinculados a una gestión de calidad en las universidades, como es, la retención estudiantil.

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia bariátrica no Chile tem visto aumento exponencial nos últimos anos, especialmente na gastrectomia vertical. Atualmente, o seu uso é discutido em pacientes que sofrem de refluxo gastroesofágico. Diferentes opções foram consideradas para o gerenciamento desses pacientes, mas até agora o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux laparoscópico parece ser a melhor opção. A gastrectomia vertical mais fundoplicatura concomitante ou o reparo da hérnia hiatal também foi sugerido em pacientes com refluxo ou hérnia hiatal pequena. Objetivo: Apresentar uma coorte de pacientes obesos com refluxo gatroesofágico submetidos a esse procedimento, que busca proporcionar os benefícios da gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica (LSG) e da operação antirrefluxo focada na avaliação da presença de refluxo e IMC após a operação, e comparar a o resultado observado nesta coorte com um grupo anterior de pacientes obesos sem refluxo submetido somente à gastrectomia vertical. Métodos: Série de casos retrospectivos em 15 pacientes submetidos à essa operação entre os anos de 2003 e 2012. Os registros clínicos foram analisados e os valores de monitoramento de pH 24 h, manometria esofágica e desfecho clínico foram registrados. Os resultados foram comparados com uma série anterior de pacientes submetidos à LSG. Não foram feitas análises estatísticas. Resultados: O grupo A consistiu em 15 pacientes submetidos a LSG mais fundoplicatura e 93% (n=14) eram mulheres. A idade média foi de 46,2 anos. O índice de massa corporal pré-operatório médio (IMC) foi de 33,9. Todos os pacientes apresentaram monitoração de pH e manometria pré-operatória alteradas. Houve uma complicação menor correspondente a um seroma. Não houve mortalidade perioperatória. O grupo B consistiu de 23 pacientes obesos submetidos à LSG. Esses pacientes desenvolveram refluxo de novo, LES hipotensos e esofagite após a operação. Os pacientes do grupo A apresentaram melhora no monitoramento e manometria do pH esofágico aos três meses. Durante o seguimento em longo prazo, seis foram submetidos à operação revisional, quatro por recuperação de peso, um por peso recuperado associado a refluxo sintomático e um submetido à reintervenção por refluxo. Conclusões: Bons resultados são observados no seguimento em curto prazo na resolução de refluxo e perda de peso. No entanto, os resultados em longo prazo são desencorajadores, pois 53,3% dos pacientes necessitaram de operação revisional durante o acompanhamento.

ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgery in Chile has seen an exponential increase in recent years, especially in sleeve gastrectomy. Its use is currently discussed in patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Different options have been considered for the management of these patients but up to now laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass seems to be the best option. Sleeve gastrectomy plus concomitant fundoplication or hiatal hernia repair also has been suggested in patients having reflux or small hiatal hernia. Aim: To present a cohort of obese patients with gatroesophageal reflux undergoing this procedure, which seeks to provide the benefits of both laparoscopic gastric sleeve (LSG) and antireflux surgery focused on the evaluation of presence of reflux and BMI after surgery, and to compare the result observed in this cohort with a previous group of obese patients without reflux submitted to sleeve gastrectomy alone. Methods: Retrospective case series in 15 patients who underwent this surgery between the years 2003 and 2012. Clinical records were analyzed and values of 24 hr pH monitoring, esophageal manometry and clinical outcome were recorded. Results were compared to a previous series of patients who underwent LSG. No statistical analyses were made. Results: Group A consisted of 15 patients submitted to LSG plus fundoplication. 93% (n=14) were female. Mean age was 46.2 years. Mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 33.9. All patients had altered pH monitoring and manometry preoperatively. There was one minor complication corresponding to a seroma. There was no perioperative mortality. Group B consisted of 23 obese patients who underwent LSG. These patients developed de novo reflux, hypotensive LES and esophagitis after the surgery. Group A patients showed improvement in esophageal pH monitoring and manometry at three months. During long-term follow-up, six underwent revision surgery, four for weight regain, one regained weight associated with symptomatic reflux, and one underwent re-intervention for reflux. Conclusions: Good results are observed in the short-term follow up in both reflux resolution and weight loss. Nevertheless, results at long term are discouraging, with 53.3% of the patients requiring revision surgery during follow-up.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and the electrocardiographic and cardiac ultrasonography findings in patients who had positive serology test results for Chagas’ disease in a reference center in southern Colombia. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which we assessed all blood donating events in the blood bank of the Hernando Moncaleano-Perdomo Hospital in Neiva Huila, Colombia, from January, 2011 to December, 2014. Patients more than 18 years old who had positive results in the serum IgG measurement for Trypanosoma cruzi, which had to be confirmed afterwards using indirect immunofluorescence for IgG detection. The patients had a medical history taken, they underwent physical examination, transthoracic cardiac ultrasonography, and electrocardiographic continuous 48-hour monitoring. Results: Nearly forty-two thousand (41,865) blood donors were recorded in the blood bank. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection was 0.15%, the average age of the subjects was 47.8 years, two thirds (68.42%) were male, and most came from urban areas. An important proportion of patients presented with some symptoms related to Chagas’ disease cardiopathy, most had alterations in the left ventricular ejection fraction and all of them showed at least one electrocardiographic abnormality. The finding in the index of heart rate variability should be considered as a possible early indicator in this pathology, before the presence of structural alterations that could generate a symptomatic heart failure

Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas y hallazgos electrocardiográficos como de ecocardiografía en pacientes quienes tenían una serología positiva en el banco de sangre de un centro de referencia del sur de Colombia. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en el que se analizaron todos los eventos de donación del banco de sangre del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, de Neiva Huila Colombia, en un periodo comprendido entre enero del 2011 hasta diciembre de 2014. Fueron incluidos pacientes mayores de 18 años, con serología IgG por ELISA positiva para Trypanosoma cruzi, posteriormente confirmada por detección de IgG por inmunofluorecencia indirecta. Se les realizó anamnesis clínica, examen físico, ecocardiogramas transtorácicos y monitoreos electrocardiográficos de ritmo cardiaco 48 durante horas. Resultados: Se registraron 41 865 donantes en el banco de sangre, la prevalencia de infección por T. cruzi fue de 0,15%, promedio de edad 47,8 años, 68,42% de género masculino y la mayoría de zona urbana. Un porcentaje importante de los pacientes manifestó alguna sintomatología relacionada con cardiopátia chagásica. Además la mayoría presentó compromiso de la fracción de inyección del ventrículo izquierdo (leve a moderado) y en la totalidad se detectó alguna anormalidad electrocardiográfica. Conclusión: El hallazgo en el índice de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca se debería considerar como un posible indicador importante en esta patología, en cuanto al reconocimiento temprano antes de notar alteraciones estructurales que generen una falla cardíaca sintomática en esta patología

Resumen La investigación se fundamentada en el paradigma cualitativo, entendiendo el estudio como una aproximación a la vivencia y percepción que tiene el educador de establecimientos públicos, privados o rurales, respecto a las fuentes de estrés en los contextos socio-laborales donde ejercen la docencia. Se desarrolla a partir de la participación activa de los propios profesores como observadores, en sus contextos laborales, identificando aquellas situaciones o factores asociados con la generación de estrés en sus respectivos contextos de ejercicio de la labor docente, sean escuelas públicas, privadas o rurales. La información se obtiene mediante el llenado de un cuestionario anónimo de pregunta abierta, que fue respondido luego de un periodo de observación por parte de los informantes. La data cruda obtenida fue transcrita y categorizada en relación a las subcategorias asociadas. Emergiendo un conjunto de vivencias identificadas como fuentes de estrés en la actividad docente. Criterios que se desarrollan en la discusión de los resultados y se enfocan en las conclusiones de manera pertinente a las preguntas de investigación que guiaron y delimitaron el estudio.

Abstract The research is based on the qualitative paradigm, understanding the study as an approximation to the expe-rience and perception that the educator of public, pivate and rural establishment has regarding the sources of stress in the socio-labor contexts where teaching is practiced. It's developed by the active participation of teachers themselves as observers in their work contexts, identifying those situations or factors associated with the generation of stress in their respective working area, whether it's a public, private or rural school. The information is obtained through filling an anonymous open questionnaire, which was answered after a period of observation by the informants. The raw data obtained was transcribed and categorized in relation to the associated subcategories. Emerging a set of experiences identified as sources of stress in the teaching activi-ty. Criteria that is developed in the discussion of the results and pertinently focuses on the conclusions to the research of questions that guided and delimited the study.